Statistics Essays Histogram

Statistics Essays Histogram A histogram is often used for representing data from a continuous variable which are summarised as a grouped frequency distribution. We use Excel to generate a Box to represents both the original and the corrected sets of data. The result is the following diagram: The different methods of diagrammatic representation of statistical data are bar chat, histogram, steam and leaf, and lineplots. The bar chart is more appropriate to data from a discrete distribution that are summarised using a frequency distribution. A histogram is often used for representing data from a continuous variable which are summarised as a grouped frequency distribution. A histogram is therefore similar to a bar chat, but is used to present continuous data. Steam and leaf gives a visual representation similar to the histogram but has the advantage that it does not lose the detail of the individual data point in the grouping.   All these diagrams serve to examine the general shape of the distribution of data and help in making conjecture about values of quantities such as the median, the mean or the interquartile range. The last one, the lineplot, is often appropriate for smaller data sets, and can be useful for example to check whether toe data sets have a common varianc e. We denote by   and   the mean of the original set and the corrected set respectively. Then we have: i.e. . i.e. . Since we have an even number of observation, the median in this case will be the midpoint of the two middle observations. That’s: For the original set the median is ; For the corrected set the median is . The standard deviation of each data set is given by , where ,   are the different values in each data set. Hence: For the original set, , and for the corrected set . The lower quartile is defined to be the th observation counting from below, and the upper quartile is the same but counting from above. The interquartile is simply the difference between the upper and the lower quartile. We have the results in the following table. Original set Corrected set Lower quartile 3.815 3.7475 Upper quartile 3.3925 3.3925 Interquartile 0.4225 0.355 Question 2 Theoretically, the fact that 9 and 12 can be made up in as many ways as 10 and eleven 11 means that both sets of numbers should have the same probability to appear. The first thing that should be noted here is the fact that this is true if and only if when we throw a dice, all the numbers have the same probability of appearance, which if not always the case in practice when if when we need to allow consideration such as the on uniformity of the surface on which the dice is thrown, the angle and the velocity at which the is thrown, and even any deformation on the dice which all have an effect on the number that we will get. This problem thus highlights the impossibility of the probability to be an absolutely precise science as oppose to the other branches of mathematics. Question 3 The probability that a film processed on machine X is . Also, the quality of a film is independent of the quality of all the films processed before it. Thus the probability that three films randomly chosen from a batch coming from machine X is simply . Let’s denote by  the event â€Å"the batch came from machine X†,   the event â€Å"the three film are all of good quality†. Clearly, what we are asking for is the probability that     and occur at the same time, which is the probability that the three films are all of good quality and the batch came from machine X. Using the theory of conditional probabilities, we have: . Since all   of all films are processed on machine X, then .   is simply the probability the probability that we calculated above. Thus . Hence: . Question 4 At each question only two things can happen: 1-the student can answer the correctly, and we denote by the probability that this does happen; 2-or the student can choose the wrong outcomes among the five possible, and we denote by   the probability that this does happen. Obviously we must have . Given that only five outcomes are available at each question, only one of which being correct, we have , and . The experiment that consists in answering a single question can therefore be viewed as a Bernoulli experiment with parameter . Hence, Taking all the multiple-choice examination can be viewed as Binomial experiment with parameter , where . Let’s   be the random variable representing the number of correct answer achieved by the student. Clearly, the distribution of   Binomial with parameter . The probability that the student passes the test is the , which is equivalent to . But: , where for each , . Hence,. This gives us , and thus the probability that the student passes the test is . Question 5 Bayes Formula Let E, F be subsets of some sample space S, and let Fc be the complement of F in S. We can express E as because in order for a point to be in E it must be either in E and F or in E but not in F. As EF and EFc are mutually exclusive we can write Applying this to the conditional probability equation gives . Consider the following problem: We have three boxes labelled U1, U2 and U3. Each of them contains a mix of white and red balls. The proportion of white balls is each of them is as follows: 30% for U1, 60% for U2, 40% for U3. We draw one ball from U1; if it is a white ball then we draw a ball in U2, otherwise we draw a ball in U3. We would like to find the probability that the first draw gives a red ball knowing that the second draw has given a given a white ball. We denote by the event â€Å"the second draw is made in the box Ui†,   the event â€Å"the second draw gives a white ball†. Clearly, if the first draw gives a red ball, then the second can be made only in U3. Thus the probability that the first draw gives a red ball knowing that the second draw has given a given a white one is exactly the same as the probability that the second ball comes from U3 knowing that it is a white ball, which is nothing else than . Using the Bayes’ formula, we have .     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (1) It can be easily seen that   and   are mutually exclusive as a the second draw can not happen in both U2 and U3 simultaneously. Also since the second draw can happen only either in U2 or U3, then   gives all the possibility on where the second draw can happen. That is why . The top of the fraction (1) is simply application of the conditional probability. Hence:

Analysis of Gail Godwins A Sorrowful Woman :: Godwin Sorrowful Woman

Analysis of Gail Godwin's A Sorrowful Woman Gail Godwin's short story "A Sorrowful Woman" revolves around a wife and mother who becomes overwhelmed with her husband and child and withdraws from them, gradually shutting them completely out of her life. Unsatisfied with her role as dutiful mother and wife, she tries on other roles, but finds that none of them satisfy her either. She is accustomed to a specific role, and has a difficult time coping when a more extensive array of choices is presented to her. This is made clear in this section of the story. As a housewife and a mother, Godwin's protagonist leads a fairly structured life. Her activities are mostly confined to caring for her husband and child and caring for their home. Though she is obviously unsatisfied with this, as shown by her attempts to discard this role, she is not comfortable without such a structure. Even when she has moved into the white room, she develops a routine of brushing her hair in the sun each day. When she decides to write a poem, she shies away from the project once she realizes how many options are open to her; the idea of so much freedom seems to distress her. Even when she thinks that "her poem could be six, eight, ten, thirteen lines, it could be any number of lines, and it did not even have to rhyme," the words themselves are rushed, the pacing of the sentence communicating her nervousness and discomfort. Her dissatisfaction with her role in life also leads Godwin's protagonist to try on other roles. Though she tries on many, none of these seem to satisfy her either; she "tried these personalities on like costumes, then discarded them." Her inability to find any role that actually satisfies her probably contributes to her general sense of helplessness and continued withdrawal from her family and, indeed, the rest of the world. Since she cannot find any particular role that suits her, she attempts not to have any role at all; the coldness and isolation of the undecorated white room make it seem that she is trying to empty herself of her previous life. Her withdrawal from the world is also presented in this passage. She chooses to move into the white room, now no longer decorated by the previous inhabitant. White can be a very cold, sterile color, and it serves to illustrate her lack of attachment to the room or to her own home.

Letter of Application Essay

I would like to apply for the BTEC Level 3 Health and Social Care course. There are many reasons why I think this would be beneficial to me, some personal and some career related. Personally, studying Health and Social would help me in my life to understand myself as well as better my relationships with peers, friends and family. By gaining a greater understanding of what is involved in the Health and Social Care sector I can improve my ability to work with or alongside others and respect and meet their needs, as well as my own. However the main reason is that I aspire to become an Occupational Therapist in the future and I’ve been passionate about this for many years. Having set my goals and looked into my university courses, I believe Health and Social would put me in good stead for my application for university and enable me to have a better knowledge and understanding prior to beginning an OT course in university. Through my own life I have developed a fairly large amount of knowledge on Health and Social Care. Throughout my school time I have been a part of the schools Peer Mentoring team, working with younger students to overcome difficulties. Incorporated into this was a whole host of different training sessions and it has also gained me a qualification through the organisations BulliesOut and ASDAN. I am very proud to have been given this opportunity, and this really helped me to decide that a job in the Health and Social Care sector would definitely suit me best. Now as a year 12 student I’m taking part in the schools Better Learning Partnership programme to help younger students with either their Numeracy or Literacy to allow them to reach their full  potential. Also, in my own life at home I’ve had experiences with Health and Social care workers such as therapists, nurses, social workers and more. This has allowed me to watch them in their work and gain first hand experi ences about how they work effectively, and also the things that I’ve found have been less effective. However, I have more experience with the Social Care side of things than the Health Care side, so I think this is a slight weakness and an area I would like to further my knowledge in whilst studying this course. Also, working with the elderly is something I’m yet to gain experience in, which this course will give me the opportunity to get. I feel my Communication skills are relatively good because I am a good listener, I can easily find information from texts or reports, I know how to use my verbal language and body language effectively and I am also good at communicating with adults and on a one-to-one basis. This course will enable me to practice and gain more confidence in myself, which is something that could hinder me in Health and Social Care. Also, I’m not as confident and successful in group communication or creating reports and references of my work, even though I do find that sometimes I can be a compulsive note taker. This course I hope will provide me with the skills and confidence to overcome and manage these problems and better my communication skills on the whole so I become equally good in all areas. When I am working with others, I definitely know how I can use my skills best and what would be a good job for me to do and the things that others would be able to do better. I also enjoy helping others in groups to develop their skills and build upon their strengths. This is because I find real satisfaction from helping others to grow and reach their full potential. I also feel I’m fairly good at evaluating group work and interactions with others to help me in the future. However, communicating with peers is definitely one of my weaknesses in this area as I am not a very confident person and often worry about how others will perceive me and also, if I detect or not an aspect of group communication that isn’t as effective as it could be, I’m very hesitant to point it out, again as a result of my lack of confidence. I hope that through the Work Experience I will gain on the Health and Social Care course that I will be able to build on my confidence and believe in myself more as I gain more knowledge and practical experience. Generally, I think my skills with technology are sufficient. I enjoy using both power point and  excel to support my work and I’m always fairly organised and have everything filed appropriately. I also have other skills in things such as music and swimming which I am proud of. However I’m not overly confident in using computerised technology to create reports or organise tasks, schedules and deadline, I prefer to work on paper than on computer. Through my assignments in this course I think I will be able to better my use of computers to organise myself as email systems are commonly used to set deadlines and tasks, and also they will force me to be organised with deadlines and be good with time management, as well as the course giving me opportunities to furth er my personal skills and interests. The biggest threat facing me with my technological skills is that I strongly prefer to work on paper and by hand than using computers! I find that I learn fairly well from observing the work of others in practice and I’m confident in using both computers and books to research and further my knowledge and understanding as well as to analyse data. The Work Experience on this course will enable me to further develop my research skills through observation and participation and my assignments will allow me to practice other skills such as referencing. However I find that I sometimes find it hard to concentrate and stay focused when conducting independent research, especially if I am struggling to find the information I need. I am quite proud of my personal hygiene and sense of how to dress and present myself appropriately. I am also always relatively organised in my work and keep to my deadlines which is a very important skill to have to avoid added stress and consequences. My assignments during the course will give me further opportunities to work on these skills and on any other weaknesses, such as struggling to understand terminology used in assignment briefs and rarely ask for help if I don’t understand the work I have to do. My biggest threat is probably that my personal life and difficulties can sometimes get in the way of my deadlines and ability to focus, however I rarely tell tutors about these things due to feeling embarrassed and the fear of being judged. I am fairly confident in my ability to work professionally and have a vague understanding of the Care Value Base, limitations and responsibilities through my Peer Mentoring work within school. Through the Health and Social Care course I will be able to deepen my knowledge and understanding of things such as the Care Value Base and legislations which will be key to successful work in the Health and  Social Care sector. However I always want to do the best and help as much as I physically can, so sticking to the limitations will be something I find hard to do and potentially upsetting. I have very strong personal values and beliefs which I will always use to guide me in my own life and in my work. They also support the way in which I work and treat other people. The course can help me learn about where my values and beliefs can be used in Health and Social Car. However I feel extremely strongly about certain things so I need to ensure I don’t go against the Care Value Base in my work because my values and beliefs may not quite fit. Also, I sometimes struggle to keep my opinions to myself if I take offence by something or I consider something wrong, so I need to work on this whilst I complete the Health and Social Care course. I know the difference between legislation, policies and codes of conduct. I am also aware that there are certain things that you can’t do related to Health and So cial Care if you are under the age of 18. Also, I’m very familiar with the Data Protection Act 1998 and also about the Health and Safety Act 1974. The course will give me the opportunity to get to grips with the Codes of Conduct in various settings through my Work Experience Placements and get a deeper understanding of legislations. My only worry is that Legislations and Codes of Conduct change for different work environments and I may struggle to know the differences without extended practise. I know what I am good at and what my limitations are. Attending a Mindfulness course has helped me to gain understanding of myself and my limitations. I have already had a fair amount of experience with managing responsibilities and I am aware of how important meeting them can be for success. The Health and Social Care course will allow me to grow as a person and further my understanding of my personal abilities and tackle any problems that I may face, such as mental health, emotional and social aspects that could cause me an issue. I do have some experience with informal care however I could definitely benefit from further experience in certain areas. In conclusion, I feel this course would be paramount for my success in Occupational Therapy. My main strengths are that I have a strong passion for helping other people and that I have had personal experiences with professionals from the Health and Social Care sector. I believe that my passion and determination to succeed will be what carries me through this course and allows me to achieve my full potential. However my main  weaknesses are lack of confidence and also that I always want to help people as best as I possibly can, but sometimes that may be further than policies, codes of practice and legislations allow.

Plan B One Step Emergency Contraceptive - 871 Words

Plan B One-Step emergency contraceptive is a well-known form of last minute birth control among women. It is used as a back-up plan if birth control fails or unprotected sex is had without birth control. The product itself is controversial because it is considered a form of abortion by many people. This ad was found in People magazine, a gossip/tabloid magazine commonly found near the registers at grocery stores, supermarkets and other various convenience stores. Glancing over the page, it seems harmless enough and like a good thing for those who need it. Upon further analyzing, this advertisement shows the pressure put upon girls in America and the problem of lack of proper sexual education. The advertisement itself takes up a whole page in the magazine. The model posing is in a bedroom, sitting on the bed with a facial expression like she just accidentally forgot something or dropped something not necessarily important. She looks to be in her late teens or early twenties which lead s me to believe that is the age group this advertisement is aimed at. The main caption is â€Å"Hey, nobody’s perfect† in two feminine, almost casual fonts and the word â€Å"perfect† is designed to stand out. There is also a picture in the bottom right-hand corner of the box for Plan B which is said to be for â€Å"the perfectly imperfect† underneath the picture. The bottom left-hand corner has the fine print along with the larger phrase â€Å"Millions of Women Have Already Chosen Plan B One-Step†. TheShow MoreRelatedShould Emergency Contraceptives Be Available Over?1411 Words   |  6 PagesRobinson Should emergency contraceptives be available over the counter to girls under the age of 18? 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ThoseRead MoreWhy Do We Continue to Debate the Use of Contraception Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pagesname of the Scholarly article that I chose to write about is, (Simonds Ellertson, 2004, p. 1285-1297) Emergency Contraception and Morality reflections of health care workers and clients. In the United States our government goes back and forth between trying to be conservative and trying to separate personal feelings from what people are trying to push them to do. Our government has been taking steps to over haul health care in the United States and my doing so they have been talking about Contraception