Past Paper Essay

Knowledge module Financial Accounting (International) Time allowed: 2 hours ALL FIFTY questions are compulsory and MUST be attempted. Do NOT open this paper until instructed by the supervisor. This question paper must not be removed from the examination hall. The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants Paper F3 (INT) ALL 50 questions are compulsory and MUST be attempted Please use the Candidate Registration Sheet provided to indicate your chosen answer to each multiple choice question. Should details of material adjusting or material non-adjusting events after the balance sheet date be disclosed in the notes to financial statements according to IAS 10 Events After the Balance Sheet Date? A B Adjusting events Non-Adjusting events (1 mark) 2 At 30 June 2005 a company’s allowance for receivables was $39,000. At 30 June 2006 trade receivables totalled $517,000. It was decided to write off debts totalling $37,000 and to adjust the allowance for receivables to the equivalent of 5 per cent of the trade receivables based on past events. What figure should appear in the income statement for the year ended 30 June 2006 for these items? A B C D $61,000 $22,000 $24,000 $23,850 (2 marks) 3 In times of rising prices, what effect does the use of the historical cost concept have on a company’s asset values and profit? A B C D Asset values and profit both understated Asset values and profit both overstated Asset values understated and profit overstated Asset values overstated and profit understated. (2 marks) 4 The IASB’s Framework for the preparation and presentation of financial statements gives qualitative characteristics that make financial information reliable. Which of the following are examples of those qualitative characteristics? A B C D Faithful Representation, neutrality and prudence Neutrality, comparability and true and fair view Prudence, comparability and accruals Neutrality, accruals and going concern (2 marks)5 The following bank reconciliation statement has been prepared by a trainee accountant: Overdraft per bank statement less: Outstanding cheques add: Deposits credited after date Cash at bank as calculated above $ 3,860 9,160 5,300 16,690 21,990 What should be the correct balance per the cash book? A B C D $21,990 balance at bank as stated $3,670 balance at bank $11,390 balance at bank $3,670 overdrawn. (2 marks) 6 Which of the following calculates a trader’s net profit for a period? A B C D Closing net assets + drawings – capital introduced – opening net assets Closing net assets – drawings + capital introduced – opening net assets Closing net assets – drawings – capital introduced – opening net assets Closing net assets + drawings + capital introduced – opening net assets. (2 marks) 7 A sole trader took some goods costing $800 from inventory for his own use. The normal selling price of the goods is $1,600. Which of the following journal entries would correctly record this? Dr Cr $ $ A Drawings account 800 Inventory account 800 B C Drawings account Purchases account Sales account Drawings account 800 800 1,600 1,600 (1 mark) 8 The debit side of a company’s trial balance totals $800 more than the credit side. Which one of the following errors would fully account for the difference? A B C D $400 paid for plant maintenance has been correctly entered in the cash book and credited to the plant asset account. Discount received $400 has been debited to discount allowed account A receipt of $800 for commission receivable has been omitted from the records The petty cash balance of $800 has been omitted from the trial balance. (2 marks) 3 9 A company’s income statement for the year ended 31 December 2005 showed a net profit of $83,600. It was later found that $18,000 paid for the purchase of a motor van had been debited to the motor expenses account. It is the company’s policy to depreciate motor vans at 25 per cent per year on the straight line basis, with a full year’s charge in the year of acquisition. What would the net profit be after adjusting for this error? A B C D $106,100 $70,100 $97,100 $101,600 (2 marks) 10 Should dividends paid appear on the face of a company’s income statement? A B Yes No (1 mark) 1 The following control account has been prepared by a trainee accountant: Receivables ledger control account $ Opening balance 308,600 Credit sales 154,200 Cash sales 88,100 Contras against credit balances in payables ledger 4,600 Cash received from credit customers Discounts allowed to credit customers Interest charged on overdue accounts Bad debts written off Allowance for receivables Closing balance $ 147,200 1,400 2,400 4,900 2,800 396,800 555,500 555,500 What should the closing bal ance be when all the errors made in preparing the receivables ledger control account have been corrected?

John Locke vs Thomas Hobbes

Locke vs Hobbes John Locke’s belief in natural rights are correct in terms of natural rights because he believes in freedom, in every sense of the word, equality and is a firm supporter in Democracy. Locke and Hobbes conflicting views are at their most basic form, to believe man or not. Locke believes that men will, with given freedom be perpetually good. Hobbes believes otherwise, saying that men, in the state of nature will fight all of the time.Corny as it sounds, their conflicting viewpoints remind me of the age old struggle between good and evil. John Locke with his new enlightened sense of thinking in Democracy and Hobbes with his belief in more of an Autocracy, or an absolute monarchy, stuck in the thinking of the dark ages. That is why Locke's views on all men being equal, everyone being born into freedom, democracy at its most basic form and the general goodness in human beings are inherently, right.Reading excerpts from John Locke's book, you will find lots of his ar guments on equality and freedom of mans basic rights, are eerily similar to the foundation of which American government was formed, in the declaration of Independence. If some of the greatest men in our countries history believed so much in Locke's points on equality and liberty that they decided to copy these ideas into the document from which they would create one of the most successful countries in the history of the world, then shouldn't it bear in ones mind that these ideas are important?That they are too a certain degree right? These are just examples of the power Locke's book has on those who truly read it. He proves, again and again that with the belief in the genuine good in men, there will be little conflict as long as everyone is equal. I personally believe that is one hundred percent correct. As much as there are plenty of bad people on this earth, the petty crimes and small infractions of the law, with full equality and freedom to all rights, the good of men would overc ome these small difficulties, and be better for it.

Empowerment of the theatre Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Empowerment of the theatre - Dissertation Example They are not only fulfilling, but play a leading role in enhancing the cultural wellbeing of a given population. When explored optimally, it is rewarding and satisfying both at an individual and community level. As the global environment becomes technologically advanced, this field of specification is increasingly exploring technological advancements to its advantage. Currently, technology is at the centre stage of the field of theatre. Just like other fields of social, cultural and economic importance, the field of theatre arts require empowerment and support in order to thrive. Empowerment in this regard involves financial, infrastructural and moral support. Undoubtedly, there are unique talents within the population that can be explored for economic gain. However, to attain optimal outputs from this, it is imperative for the affected persons to be encouraged and empowered accordingly. At this point, it is worth appreciating that in order for talent to be recognized as such, it nee ds to be nurtured and developed to maturity. This cannot be realized without the help from different relative institutions and individual personalities with an interest in this field. Thus although theatre arts largely lead to personal fulfilment, affected individuals and theatre institutions need to be supported in different ways in order for both themselves and the community to benefit from their talents. The theatre needs to be empowered because it equally empowers populations in different ways. Through this, local communities are able to present their views to relevant stakeholders. It is used as a ‘societal mirror’ and in most cases, considered to be reflective of the needs of the local populations. Through this, locals are able to articulate their views accordingly. The fact that they can make an impact on societal decision making cannot be disputed. Thus since theatre is an important community empowerment tool, it needs to be empowered too. Background to the Stud y Theatre is an artistic field that has gained great importance in the social scene in the recent past. It assumes different forms including drama, video productions and music amongst others. In his study, Rohd (1998, p. 63) indicates that theatre is a field of specification that has its roots in the cultural conceptions of global populations. Thus in most instances, relative presentations are reflective of the culture of the respective populations. Increasingly, this field has been explored for economic gains. It lies in the entertainment docket and relative pieces of art are always customized to meet the needs, interests and requirements of the clients. In response to the growing needs of the population, the academic sphere has also contributed to the improvement of this field. In this respect, theatre arts are taught in learning institutions from a very elemental level. This is in a bit to enhance the ability of the students and sharpen their talents. In the long run, they produc e products of highest quality and which are very competitive in the market environment. To a great extent, this enables them to not only survive but to also thrive in the entertainment industry. At this point in time, exemplary performance in any field of specification requires an individual to be endowed with essential skills and knowledge. In addition to this, Thompson (2003, p. 52) argues that individuals need to have

Novel presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Novel presentation - Essay Example Cinna: A look hunger game is all about wining audience favor. As a tribute stylist it was my duty to portray Katiness and peeta as amiable and thus win audience favor. So we came up with something different and encouraged them to hold hands and strengthen the bond of friendship with them rather than taking their roles before the game. Cinna: over the game there are many apparent changes in Katiness and as far as I am concerned, with time her confidence on me increased not only as a stylist but as her mentor and friend. And this can be greatly attributed to the overwhelming response she received during the opening ceremony. She realized that I am not only concerned with her physical appearance in games but also her image and true meaning of her presence in games. Cinna: no! I never purposely decide to be rebellious it’s just that certain Capitol tradition doesn’t appeal me. They are really harsh and cruel for tributes so I just oppose them in the right way. Cinna: I never thought so! I advised Katiness to publicly declare her love for Peeta to save herself from the wrath of game makers and it was true she loved Peeta and whatever they did was to save each other so I just advised them to be firm and honest in their stance. Cinna: circumstances compelled them to do so. Game makers wanted to confront two star crossed lovers without considering their feelings. They played the whole game in full spirit but in the end when Capitol played its trick they were forced to react this way. Cinna: not exactly! I strived to portray them friends but later during training sessions I realized that there is some sort of mutual attraction between two and since Katiness was my friend and we shared many things, I was aware of what she is feeling.

An Evolutionary View of the Style of Pablo Picasso Research Paper

An Evolutionary View of the Style of Pablo Picasso - Research Paper Example The essay "An Evolutionary View of the Style of Pablo Picasso" investigates the influential artist Pablo Picasso. Unlike many artists both before and after his time, Picasso differentiated his works into a series of periods which exhibited a number of unique thematic elements and worked to exploit common beliefs and motives. One such period was what art critiques have categorized Picasso’s â€Å"Blue Period†. As the name implies, during this time, Picasso painted a host of paintings which relied almost exclusively on varying monochromatic tones and shades of blue and blue-green. Although more than just a reliance on a particular type of paint, this period was also defined by the thematic sterility and coldness that it portrayed. In this way, Picasso used the medium of the paint to transform images that might typically be understood another way into images that bore a somber, cold, and realistically touching reality. Accordingly, this brief analysis will seek to apprecia te and understand Picasso’s â€Å"Blue Period† for the thematic elements, personal influences, and times in which this particular artwork was created. Picassso’s â€Å"Blue Period† is interesting beyond merely the thematic elements or the type of paints used to express these due to the fact that the â€Å"Blue Period† began when Picasso himself sank into what many scholars term a â€Å"deep depression". As a result of many of the life experiences that Picasso shared during the turn of the century to include his more complete grasp of his own mortality. ... Picasso struggled to sell them to an audience that was put off by their innately melancholy and cheerless subject matter. Many art critics have inferred incorrectly that Picasso’s incorporation of the underprivileged in society during this period was due to the fact that he himself was poor during this time and sought a way to reflect on the plight and situations associated with his fellow man. This however is not the case as it was the subject matter and the means in which Picasso approached it that sealed his fate with regards to the demand for his paintings and the subject matter with which he dealt during the â€Å"Blue Period†. Although many paintings of this period focus on the melancholy and sadness that Picasso felt as a result of his lost friend, Casagemas, another recurring theme throughout these paintings is in regards to the blindness and loss of sight that many of the characters exhibit within his works. It is the understanding of this author as well as a h ost of more talented art critics that this fixation with loss of sight and blindness helps to depict the depression and lack of vision that Picasso was experiencing during this time. Additionally, rather than choosing to focus his energies on typifying the plight of the extraordinary man/woman, Picasso chose for his subject matter the drunk, the prostitute, the nobody, and the everyman. In this way, the resounding emptiness that afflicts a faceless humanity is aptly expressed to the viewer in a way that a focus on a recognizable societal group or individual would not be. As the years progressed, Picasso, himself somewhat famous within the art community in Paris prior to 1901 began to fade into a type of

The Usefulness of Cognitive Theories of Learning for Human Resource Essay

The Usefulness of Cognitive Theories of Learning for Human Resource Practitioner - Essay Example The paper tells that nowadays, senior managers tend to invest more money, time, and thought in the learning of their employees, and consider learning and development a strategic HR function Thus, it would be important to comprehend how and why learning takes place. Theories of workplace learning are placed into three main categories; these are psychological, socio-cultural and postmodern theories. Each view has different focus and contribution to different contexts. Various cognitive theories have been put forward including the Piaget developmental stage theory, the Bandura social cognitive theory, and Vysotsky and the Zone of proximal development. All these have a contribution to the development of employees and have been implemented at different levels. Cognitive theories of learning have enhanced employee productivity and effectiveness in most of the areas that they have been applied. Learning is a very important aspect of both individuals as well as organizational development. Le arning is a wide concept that has attracted several definitions from different individuals in different contexts. According to Wilson, learning is the process whereby knowledge, attitude or behavior is changed as a result of formal training and development, or transformation of informal experiences. Many assumptions have been proposed over the years to explain different cognitive approaches. The theories of three outstanding cognitive theorists including Piaget, Vygotsky, and Bandura explain some of the cognitive aspects that are very important when it comes to influencing the workforce in an organization. The development of a person has been a subject of intensive research by psychologists all across the world. One of the outstanding theories in this area is the Piaget developmental stage theory that helps us to understand behavioral development, especially at a young age. According to Piaget’s findings, there are four developmental stages that individuals go through, both o f which are relative to cognitive development. The first is the sensory-motor period in about the first two years when the child can only focus on physical interactions with their immediate environment. Next is the preoperational period from two to seven years old. During this stage, the child develops language skills and is able to think symbolically though still cannot think completely logical and empathetically. The period from seven to eleven years old is called concrete operational stage when the child becomes more rational to solve a simple problem and develops logical thought. The formal operational stage from adolescence through adulthood was Piaget’s fourth stage of cognitive development in children. The child/ adult develop the ability to think theoretically and formulate hypotheses. This theory was immensely influential on education research and policy during the 20th century.

The Toys and Games Industrys Response to Globalazation Essay - 1

The Toys and Games Industrys Response to Globalazation - Essay Example The strategies used by this industry to effect globalization include a comprehensive marketing and online-selling of its products. This aspect enables the company to access many customers from diverse backgrounds of culture, race, beliefs and religion. According to Baker (2011, 82), the industry’s products and services get an international recognition and much revenue. Moreover, the management in the Toys and Games industry has learnt new management strategies through the recent access to large volumes of data. The access to volumes of data is a recent occurrence, which has greatly globalized many aspects of business (Butler, 2008, 41). For instance, the access to bid data has enabled the Toys and Games industry to gather crucial information with regard to global performance trends in various sectors and product lines. Mayer (2013, 46) asserts that new methods of product differentiation and diversification have been learnt after the acquisition of bid sets of data from a globa l platform. The big information has culminated in the restructuring of organizational structure for efficiency and effectiveness in the Toys and Games industry operations. According to Cerra (2012, 34), the big data have led to the realization of new ways of achieving global customer satisfaction, continuous improvement and total quality management within the Toys and Games industry. These principles are critical in the thriving of the industry. In the case of transportation of commodities, there is the use of sensors on trucks in order to streamline the delivery of goods through shipping. This contains the problem of stock-out cost and machine overhaul cost. The massive data have also helped the manufactures in tracking the trend of customer preference and taste (Gill, 2010, 56).

Introduction and conclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Introduction and conclusion - Essay Example out a group of people and imposing such restrictions to their fundamental rights is also tantamount to a violation of the equal protection clause guaranteed by the XIV Amendment.1 Is the act of performing voluntary work by the Ontario High School Students as a condition or requisite to graduate violative of their freedom and the equal protection clause? Is it not true that sometimes individual freedom may be curtailed or the exercise of the same be limited for the benefit of the larger group of people? Is it not also true that there is no violation of the equal protection clause when there is a â€Å"rational basis† behind the restriction or grouping? When one is compelled to do something against ones will or at peril of loss to oneself there is a violation of the freedom guaranteed by the US Constitution.2 To compel the Ontario High School students to do volunteer work at the cost of not graduating if one does not comply is violative of their individual freedom. There is no rational basis for the curtailment of such right. No greater good is brought to the bigger population. Lacking a rational basis and serving no legitimate state purpose this is a burden that also violative of the equal protection clause.3 This condition must be stricken off. There is no room for such unreasonable restrictions in the halls of learning where individualism and freedom is meant to take wings and fly; to soar and create bigger and greater things for humanity to appreciate and

Housing Issues and Solutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Housing Issues and Solutions - Essay Example The result of this practice has contributed to significant suffering amongst the residents of the Riverslake estate due to the housing issues facing the organization. The rent not collected in time has been becoming a major source of problem for Riverslake in keeping financial resources in place. There are complains that tenants are scared to go out at night because the resident kids have been seen to hang around often. A number of viable solutions to these issues can be established with a collaborative effort from both the management and the residents. Some of the solutions to these issues are discussed in the report. Among the solutions discussed, this report recommends that the participation of residents or tenants in the decision making process of the estate would be a major step in reaching the height of the solutions to all evident housing issues. Some key suggestions regarding the obligation of the housing professionals include the need for training as well as providing educat ion concerning the management of residents and income collection on regular basis. Through, well-structure mutual coordination and collaboration, the housing issues faced by the Riverslake Association can be resolved properly. The paper concludes with the best practices that the property owners have current adopted in the maintenance of maintaining the estate, disrepairs and for resolving the troubles of residents. Thus the best course of action is to have the housing management listen to the tenants regarding the problems they often face.

Why did relations between the soviet union and the US change in the years 1943-1956 Essay Example for Free

Why did relations between the soviet union and the US change in the years 1943-1956 Essay The first reason is that Roosevelts death in April 1945 brought an end to any superficial unity that still existed at the end of World War 2 in 1943. Truman was now the American President, and relations between him and Stalin were deteriorating very quickly indeed, especially when Stalin was such a determined character and Truman was less willing to compromise, compared to Roosevelt. The second reason is that America had developed the atomic bomb in June 1945. This played a major part in the change in Trumans attitude at the Potsdam Conference in the same year. The successful development of the atomic bomb had lifted Truman on his high horse, and this links back to his attitude that clashed with Stalin. Now Truman was even more arrogant, and as a result, it made Stalin even more determined to get his way. The third reason is that as a result of Churchills Iron Curtain Speech, the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Aid, Stalin had responded to these by forcing communism on Eastern Europe, then Comecon and Cominform, and hence the Berlin Crisis. This point marks the peak of the Cold War when relations between the USSR and the USA were at their worst. This was because of the Berlin Blockade, when America had humiliated Stalin so devastatingly, with Stalin on the verge between firing at the airplanes, or ignoring them and keeping the blockade up. This is another example of Stalins stubborn nature, as seen in the Potsdam Conference mentioned in the previous paragraph. Finally, the fourth and last reason is that as a result of the Berlin Crisis, President Truman had signed the NATO agreement in 1949, which was a clear union of America and Western Europe against the USSR and Eastern Europe, and most importantly, against Communism. This made Stalin furious, and he responded in defence with the Warsaw Pact in 1955. This move shows that he is not to be outdone, and hence here at the peak of tension and conflict from 1943-56 we see the complete change that has occurred in the relation between the two powers.

Technology Forecasting And Strategic Planning In Dell

Technology Forecasting And Strategic Planning In Dell The prediction of technology can be described as foreseeing where technology is going to be in the future. Steps must be observed when a statement of a project is made. The choices and resolution ought to be gritty at the establishment of the plan succession in order to foresee the future and be aware of the technologys to apply. In addition due to the other alternative technology options, forecasting is required on a regular basis for companies, if possible the forecast result may be enumerated earlier and changes can occur. These results can be measured and this will approximate the level of the transformation needed. Another feature of technology forecasting is doubt about the impacts of technology in this world, for example inflation. Inflation is a decline in the power of money; it has influenced technology both in good and bad ways. Creditors will lose money and debtors will gain money when an unexpected inflation occurs. Tools such as field testing, interviews and prototype ar e been used together with forecasting to obtain assurance in the marketplace. Any organization that is capable of putting into practice valuable prediction will be more prepared to look for the stability between handling demand for goods or services and the ability or facility to meet this demand. The capability of utilizing this distinctive stability helps an organization to utilize this as a benefit for competition over its competitors. Strategic planning is the method of approach used in making choices and assigning its supplies to follow this approach. It provides the basis and structure of a business arrangement. Organizing the strategic plan of a business is an effective requirement for business success, without this plan most business will probably be unsuccessful. Analysis technique which dells employs for strategic planning is SWOT analysis refers to the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threat that a company undergoes Strategic planning questions involve a number of of the following enquiries: -What do we produce? -What do the customers want? -How can we satisfy this want? Once the objectives and goals of the company are defined, strategic planning and forecasting have to be put in place to achieve this. The objectives or aims of an organization are basically a more visible declaration of the idea or vision identifying the undertakings to be attained if the vision becomes a reality. The set out goals are more recognized proclamation of the exact or precise activities necessary to realize the goals beginning from the present or existing position. At this stage, preparation developed should cover the following issues: Vision, Mission, Value, Strategies and Programs. The aim of this essay is to illustrate and demonstrate the various ways the company dell applies forecasting and strategic planning to its business operations, how they interact with each other and method used. The objective of this essay is to critically evaluate the concept of success of this company, followed by organisation factors researched on this topic. Methodology. Information was collected from Internet sources, Academic books and journals. History of Dell. Dell was founded by a man named Michael Dell in 1984.His aim was to designs and customizes its computers according to the needs of the customer. Michael Dell was still a student of University of Texas and the company was still called PCS limited. The year after Dell produced its first computer of its own specification and named it Turbo which had eight megahertz processor. What makes dell different is the fact that it allowed individuals to customize their products when ordering. Michael Dell made a change in the ways computers were been sold. Product line today includes desktops, laptops, and servers. The company make profit of 73million dollars in the first year of trading. In 1988 the company went PUBLIC giving shares for 8.50 a piece and changed its name to Dell. The first dell laptop made its appearance in 1991 and in 1933 dell company became one of the top fives company companies in the world. In 1996 their products were sold through the website. It grew between the 1980s and 1 990s to become the largest seller of computers. Operations carried out by dell include customizing hi tech products like laptops, desktops and servers. In 2010 dell has topped HP and Acer in the production of computers. Dell says the customer comes first and that is an integral part in the companys structural heritage and hierarchy is creating long-lasting partnership and working with them to provide their needs and provide solutions that support their success. The concept of solution being driven to address the specific customer challenges. Michael Dell said we are becoming the pc outstanding company not just the pc supplier (Hedrick and struggles,1997) in 2005 it took first place among the ranking of most admired companies issued by Forbes magazine. Dell has undergone a series of past events. one of which was achieving an increase in dual numbers in sales done yearly. The vision statement is to operate hand to hand with partners and supply readily products at all times including t he supply of quality customer encounter in the market place. Dells main opponents are HP and Acer. In the marketplace and small industry it encounters contestant from fellow direct vendor, gateway. As dell progresses into new service business such as creating of none computing products like television, it faces new competition such as LG. Dells achievement stayed through the subsequent years though could not completely stay away from the universal disaster of the PC business of the new millennium. Dells enlargement speed has drop down, ensuing in a decrease in its store value. On the other hand, Dell has been able to remain a triumphant business, as its increase speed persists to outpace the entire business. Distant from this, Dell has been determined to go into fresh marketplaces and, therefore make bigger its merchandise assortment servers, desktop, PCS also flat-screen TVs. Dell transformed its name in 2003 as of Dell Computer Corporation into Dell Inc., so as to reflect the growth of the business from a PC producer to a business that make available a broad selection of technology equipments Strategic Process of Dell. The strategy of Dell is crumbling income margin all through the PC market, a terrible growth for competitors who cant continue. Dell is charging its mechanisms not so much such as modern inventions except for airline tickets and little margin in products. Capability in Dell is quite rigid with many large computer suppliers like Toshiba and Sony. Societal issues also influence the commerce surroundings of Dell. Companies that sell computers have to recognize that in the Chinese tradition, individuals are still unconfident about credit card sales because of the enormous cost of computers in China. Corporations then must put in door-to-door or facial contact procedures to increase consumers reliance and consumers believe in the corporation and its merchandise. Dell also has attained the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS). Dell aspires at product plan, moving of goods and many more. Since part of Dells ISO 14001 EMS, the association put into operation of achievements where b y the aim is to make it get better inner trade environment performance in a nonstop development procedure which is applied to contribute to achievements all way through the company. Dell has placed to expand its product name further than ordinary computer merchandise by influencing its status as head of e-commerce. Dell began to re-identify in year 2000, as the corporation that is acquainted with how e-business work. It has contributed to its online transaction expertise with a small number of large clients as they build up their own E-commerce abilities. Dell features a few energy from its opponents; in the case of Information Technology as the EDI tool offer extremely efficient prospect in decreasing costs and it can launch the rigid connection involving Dell with its providers and Dell with its clients. Dell began trading its own kind of handheld computers, named the Axim, at little amount which can be regarded as high prospective and CEO, Mr. Michael Dell mentioned how Dells accomplishment lay in making it as simple as possible for a person to buy a computer. There are a number of applications that are presently life form utilized by Dell and they are essential to the important procedures of Dell production and the Dell direct which are its functional reasons for achievement. A few application are presently being made use of by Dell are important excluding the fact that they are not regarded for certain significant achievement. Mission DELLS STRATEGIC PLANNING PROCESS. Objectives Situation Analysis Implementation Control Key success factors for Dell includes: -Product customization for business and consumer customer -Economical prices -Better connection with suppliers -Produce customization for Business and Consumer client -Superior customer deal Outstanding cost arrangement Activity Large business and government Industry, home offices and small business Customer recognition and attainment Telesales supported by direct sale force in local offices Publicity and promotion Asset Open account and third part listing Credit cards and third party leasing logistic Manufacturing to order and shipment through third party carriers Manufacturing to order and shipment through third party carriers Business strategy: Dells Companys success is the connection among all of its competencies. The direct sale is dependent on the built-to-order system, and the built-to-order system relies on the supplier integration system. Hence a dell pc is intended to reduce human touches in making, contractor are certain to make sure high product excellence, contractor are physically included into making and the whole charge accomplishment process id run by a stylish mixture of inner and outer information A benefit of direct sales and build-to-order making is that costly catalogue doesnt put up in the path and doesnt gain its value earlier than it can be put on the market and fresh goods can be brought in not having to remove older inventory in the path. Dell know so much information about the end user, information such as: what product was bought from dell, how many products were bought, where the product was delivered to and so on. The following discuss how the company achieved success, the process involved. -Direct sales -Build to order -Supplier integration Direct sale Michael Dell said this direct association assemble important information concerning the client, therefore Dell is familiar with its clients, details that allow Dell to propose add-on products and services, and remain, in wide-ranging, closer to the client. this make available Dell with assets of promotion and manufactured goods growth idea. Michael Dell states that there are two major services which bring Dell closer to its clients: Premier Pages and Platinum Councils. Premier Pages, now called Premier.Dell.com, are modified IT procurement and help websites for big customers, which allows them choose and control their acquisition from Dell, hence leaving to salespeople a more review task. Premier.Dell.com stands for a personalized auction place and as Dell has discovered how important that is, it has enlarged the amount of Premier Pages from 1000 in 1998 to 50,000 in 2000 Platinum assembly are local gathering of Dells major clients, where management, salespeople and technicians talk about their practice with Dell and their requirements and prospect from the technology. in addition, Dells client understanding proposal, Dell meeting, the Direct2Dell blog and the Idea Storm demonstrate the significance that Dell set on its client interaction This model called the direct sale model has been in existence for ages. Dell Company produced almost all its products after an order was made by a customer. Presently, Dell is among on the few computer makers that builds their own personal product. This type of process has successful over the years. Its a competitive advantage over competitors, while also selling its products at a lesser price. Dell also managed to offload much of the financial burden of manufacturing to suppliers, and its manufacturing efficiency is legendary, because of this model dell has grown faster than its competitors HP and Acer. Final customer dell suppliers Build to order The original trading model that Dell has initiated within the PC business has broken the we contain to build up the whole thing existing vision of the globe and has administered to draw attention to constituent gathering as a deferential important action of a pc business, The build-to-order plan takes this accomplishment more advanced. Dell select dealers who are knowledgeable, understanding and the capability to transport products on time and their presentation is frequently assessed against pre-settled method. In fact, quarterly Dell gets together with its dealers to give straight response on presentation and upcoming prospect. The presentation is assessed with the help of a scorecard that evaluates each dealer with its rivals based on price, superiority, dependability and delivery. As compensation, Dells executed dealers are endowed with guidance and help in order to advance their progression. The method Dell used in developing maintenance for the 100 percent construction ability, importantly to enhance its need in planning and company appropriate performance, order to minimize the time taken in ordering delivery of services and improve the customers service. They went into partnership with Accenture to rapidly produce an innovative, high-performance chain of supply and development resolution. Because of usage of this model dell has grown faster than its competitors HP and Acer Presently, in Dells foundations is all over the world and the program paid an excess. The company has the ability to become accustomed more quickly and efficiently quickly varying technologies, and also keeping up with its reputation as a high-performance industry. Dell is a ruler provider of products and services required for customers to construct their technology infrastructures. The company was originated in 1984 and presently has about 34,400 employees in 34 countries, worldwide marketplace contribute in surfeit of 15 percent, and yearly revenues of almost $32 billion. Supplier integration Traditional computer companies had to be vertically incorporated and developed the many gears of the computer themselves. When Dell first started off, the traditional process could not be afforded. Instead, Dell leveraged savings finished by others and decided on the release of answers and system to clients, which is the mind of the direct business model. This has allowed Dell influence their relationships with both its suppliers and customers. Though the small amounts of dealers of Dell are the correspondent of associates and are treated as if they were actually a fraction of Dell. This partnership will last as long as each partner maintains its leadership in technology and of course quality. The dealers of Dell are given precisely what the daily needs of the company will be, thereby making it possible for the open access of information which is mutual sharing among Dell and its supplier. Technology boosts the economic incentives of such type of association due to the fact that it s peeds time to market and creates respect that is shared among purchaser and vendor This type of partnership, thus posses the challenge of change on focus from how much inventory there is as well as how fast it is moving and is calculated by inventory velocity, which has Dell functioning with dealer to repeatedly decrease inventory (stock) and increase its speed. The channel plan used by dell: The act of deciding a channel supply chain is an essential and effectual strategy which is very compulsory. The supply chain master can make a influential new channel that decreases its contestant s access to vital aim financial records and the marketplace area. There are battles between the producers, distributors and competitors over client possession by means of inter company supply chain associations. The success of this supply chain associations are the explicit ideas. The internet also opens new prospects and extent for enhanced customer deals. However the companies newly produced channel should retain the fit among a companies business form. in the premature period of a technology produce life cycle, distributors are significant for following innovative adopters. An improvement straight channel scheme gave dell these fundamental basics of its supremacy packed business model. The main suppliers of dell come mainly from pc makers who are of the same group. For example, IBM for t he hard drives as well as Intel which it has used for its sole source of its microprocessors. A decision which was imposed to simplify its product development but if INTEL is unable to meet its market demand as it was in the late 1999 and early 2000 then it would cost more. The manufacturing of dell is done in the united state but about 70% of its procurement is completed in the Asia appeasing area. Between 1992 and 1997 dell condensed its figure of supplier by 75%, plus about fifteen of these are its key suppliers who provide 85% of its materials. In other to reduce its complexity of managing its supply chain, Dell is in conjunction with these contractors in multiyear preparation as well as negotiating. Customer comment Market insight Extremely crisp product life cycle evolution Capability to manage costs on a actual basis Dell toiled at length to create an helpful supplier running function in command to cut down module guide times and uphold unconditional excellence standards necessary by the procedure. Objectives of Dells Strategic Plan: Swot Analysis: SWOT analysis which is part of strategic planning is used to determine the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats involved with Dell. This analysis identifies and specifies the issues which are positive or negative to dells business objectives. First the strength of the company which is been used to achieve the objects of dell, then weakness which includes factors affecting the business ,and then opportunities which will aid the achievement of these objectives, finally threat includes environmental or external factors which affect performance. The process of identifying these swat analysis is very important for businesses such as dell as it involves steps involved for achievements of objectives and development. Strength and Weakness relate to matters concerning the following resources: sales of a product, operations efficiency, product services, and cost productivity. -Strength: Dell is the Worlds biggest PC creator their products are one of the best globally, by providing customers with the best effective way to meet their needs. Dells proficiency is their cost strategy. They sell their products directly to customers thereby reducing consolatory. -Weakness: New product market on corporate clients. The company gets their suppliers from other countries that can cause the company some embarrassment. In the year 2004 Dell had to recall 4.4 million laptop adapters because of a fear that they could overheat, causing electric shocks or fires. -Opportunity: Bringing new products to the marketplace at an affordable price. Also introducing new products such as printers and also non-computing goods. Dell is selling low cost products to retailers in the United States of America. They rebrand for other companies gives the company new market segments. -Threat The competitors of computer companies pose a big threat in the market place world wide. rivals such as Acer and HP deduce the growth of the company. Dell gets product components from far regions like India where the work cost are really cheap, but this information is available to competitors, so they can apply the same process. Also as Dell been a global company, it is open to instability in the global exchange market. Variation in currency rate could leave the company exposed to possible loss in part of its supply chain. Technology changes is also a treat because of advancement of technology in the economy Monitoring the Strategy The help of digital nervous system nevertheless the CEO might find out what is going on the tactic front and on all other sides. This is one of the major strategic problems, can you supervise tactics and their results at any time they want or anywhere you want. The solution cannot be positive unless the nervous system is widely spread giving optimistic answers to a dozen other significant questions. 1. Has e-mail developed into the main internal message system? 2. Is it possible to get trade data information on-line? 3. Do they use PCs for trade study? 4. Do individual use the digital system to get rid of paper and official procedure? 5. Have you improved procedures to abolish single-task work for multi-functional tasks? 6. Does monitoring the system improve excellence and competence? 7. Do customers have feedback on-line? 8. Clients association are they put up into the system? 9. Do you converse by means of the digital system with all contractors and associates with the endeavour of restricting cycle times and hastening processes? 10. Is the middleman eradicated, replacing of deliverables? Getting right and accurate answers from the questions above has so many advantages and having wrong answers minimizes the companys efficiency. It requires no knowledge of technology and business awareness. The right answers underpin the efficiency of the strategic plan. Distribution Planning Strategy Demand planning includes push and pull system, understanding the customers demand on cost matters, positioning of goods at appropriate distribution centres all this to reduce working the working capital, a key to control inbound logistics with contractors and agreed maker. containing the fraction it requires at the accurate time to gather a pc, dell needs contractors to embrace record in store in a 15-30minute compel of its plant. Dell then notifies the warehouse when components have to be stocked up and they are taken to the plant, where they are towed off the truck according to their requirement. Dell prepares mechanism awaiting customers instruction (push) and it decides on the capability of gathering plants on customer order starting point (pull), it needs demand forecasting for these two issues. Both pull and push methods require future demand of customers. Customer order and manufacturing cycle Push and pull of Dells supply chain. Procurement cycle Pull processes Push processes Customer order arrives Supply chain strategy of dell: Supply chain management is becoming significant in this day trading globe. In addition in todays supply chains there is perpendicular breakdown of manufacture, signifying that businesses are liable to focus on their core capability and subcontract their logistics and less important procedures just to keep capital. Delay is a common run through, where there is a setback in result construction and particularly in developing of a produce, ensuing in improved forecasts about the end manufactured goods requirement over time Michael Dells calculated selection and his efficient method of understanding them have taken part in an important role in Dells victory tale. The major constituent of his winning company model of the corporation is its supply chain management; for this reason, a lot of theorists of Supply Chain Management tried to examine Dells SC approach, and quite a lot of businesses have tried to duplicate the business model, without accomplishing it yet. This detail illustrates the difficulty of Dells SC tactic and its exceptional method of positioning it to training. The important fundamentals of Dells business form are its direct sales model, built-to-order and supplier integration. A supply chain is made up of all parts concerned, in satisfying a client demand . In other words, a supply chain (SC) includes all organizations that collaborate in order to produce and deliver a finished product to the final customer, as well as the customer himself. Supply chains may be dissimilar in dimension, difficulty of dealings among the members and sharing of material existence. The supply chain of Dell includes: The client Dells website Dells gathering plant Dells dealers. Supply chain reaction: React to broad variety of quantities demanded Attempt to meet short lead times Handle a wide variety of goods construct high inventive goods Handle delivery doubt Responsiveness of the supply chain implementation High Low Cost High Low Separate from the direct model and build-to-order supply chain scheme, forecasters have treated with previous matters which will add to Dells accomplishment. point out, Dells undisclosed formula relating to its supply chain is suitable combination of procedure and individuals fundamentals from Michael Dells statements that our RD centre of attention on procedure and excellence development in developing and one of our main confrontation is looking for directors who can split and act in response to quick changes .The solution of supply chains is individuals, because they introduce the Supply chain into existence Support the Supply Chain Strategy with the Business Strategy Generally businesses build up a SC plan later than when business strategy has already been definite. At the same time as this advancement can distribute some worth, it does not maintain the combination into the business strategy enlargement of very prevailing SC model choices; this possibly will considerably advance the business strategy. The supply chain strategy has to at all times sustain the objective of the business strategy Forecasting Companies who are capable of putting into practice valuable forecasting methods and the capability of using this distinctive technique makes a will be at a greater advantage over competitors. A range of forecasting models to select from, Dells uses forecasting method to make decisions and plans about its future. Future researchers examine and identify the best alternative future features. It makes it possible for people to alter or be prepared for whats ahead of them in the future. No matter the type of forecasting we apply, there will be an issue about uncertainty and blind spots will occur. Dell uses long term forecasting method which is usually less precise than short term methods. The future is however filled with doubt. Information of the past makes available the raw materials from which the brain then constructs ideas of the future. The accuracy of dells forecast was between 70 to 75 percent due to its accurate account selection. Whenever there is an uncertainty in the company dell manager raises the forecast on high-end products because it is way better and much easier to sell up and high-end had a more extensive shelf life. Demand Forecasting Methods At the moment job environment gives professionals the face up to meeting the clients request instantly. Demand and Lead times are the most fearful numbers for many SCM professionals as they pose to stay elusive. This route gives you the environment of Demand and supply management, a variety of procedure as well as constituent of cost, procedures to put together, estimate and purify data and the statistical proficiency to apply different forecast models to maintain your company Steps of forecasting methods include the following: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Choose on the type of forecast à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Decide on the things to be forecast à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Decide the period prospect of the forecast à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Past demand for products à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Current state of the economy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Collect the forecast information à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ put together the estimation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ validate and apply findings Benefits of Forecasting -Enhance clients contentment -Decrease stock-outs -Programme inventions more resourcefully -Subordinate security stock needs -Decrease produce obsolescence expenses -Supervise delivery improvement -Improve pricing and promotion management -Settle better-quality conditions with contractor Difficulties in using Forecasting Technology: The rate at which the advancement of technology is growing makes it impossible to fully predict technology characteristics. Sometimes when the truth is staring right as us, we find it hard to accept it due to repercussion which may take place after. It takes guts and nerve to accept this allegation of the judgment .Nevertheless opposition to change is a normal human feature, it is tremendously tricky to endeavour ahead of our autonomy of approval in forecasting innovative technologies. The Future of Dell Dell continuously processes its business scheme, by ingoing into new marketplaces such as electronics so as to raise profits. The business has placed insistent income objectives approximately twice the received income at the moment. To assemble these objective, altering trading surroundings and the business usually changes its supply chain strategy. This is not only to make sure that the supply chain is strategy aligned with the business strategy, but also to keep ahead of the competition. According to CEO Rollins, Dell directs the important series in a more enhanced way than someones else on the globe; the single one close to us may be Wal-Mart. Outsourcing In the late 1980s companies in the United States began to concentrate on their core competencies. This started a move to outsource functions that werent related to a companys main line of business. Outsourcing business has grown manifolds and the present market is estimated to be around US$ 500 billion (M. Lacity, 2002). Outsourcing phenomena has caught the interest of academicians too and the academic researchers have analyzed this phenomenon in various perspectives. As an offshoot of this IT outsourcing, companies in the late eighties started to experiment with offshore sourcing to varying extent. Research has also been done in the overseas outsourcing of IT work to a limited extent. There has been a great deal of interest in the trade publications on off shoring than in the academic publications, for reasons such as adverse skill availability, cost savings and quality. Dell doesnt have significant amount of resources tied up in physical facilities dedicated to wining the first to market battle For each consecutive invention of techno

My Antonia Essay: Women on the Frontier -- My Antonia Essays

Women on the Frontier in My Ántonia In 1891, marking the elimination of "free land," the Census Bureau announced that the frontier no longer existed (Takaki, A Different Mirror, 225). The end of the frontier meant the constant impoverishment, instead of the wealth they had dreamed of, for a large number of immigrants from the Old World: they came too late. My Ántonia, however, illuminates another frontier, a frontier within America that most immigrants had to face. It was the frontier between "Americans" and "foreigners." The immigrants were still "foreign" to the "Americans" who came and settled earlier. They had to overcome the language and cultural barrier and struggle against the harsh conditions of life. The novel focuses on the ironic moment that the frontier spirit - a uniquely American one - is realized through "foreigners." Furthermore, it is women, the "hired girls," who are put in the foreground in the novel. What has made America is the foreign within, or rather, the foreign women on the fron tier. The division between the "Americans" and the "foreigners" is found throughout the novel. Even though naturalized, immigrants are still "Bohemians," "Russians," "Norwegians," and so on. They are foreigners in conception as Jim Burden's grandmother says, "If these foreigners [Norwegians] are so clannish, Mr. Bushy, we'll have to have an American graveyard that will be more liberal-minded...."(emphasis mine 73). According to her, the demarcation between foreigners and Americans is purely cultural: as far as foreigners are not clannish and liberal-minded like "Americans... ...an: the heterogeneity within one Bohemian-American family. Children learn Bohemian, the parents' mother tongue, first, and English when they go to school. They eat both American and Bohemian food. Mother from country and father from city, children are open to a wide experience than their parents. Ántonia's first daughter, although married and left the house, is another significant heterogeneity of the family. As the first Mormons scattered sunflowers seeds on their ways to freedom, Ántonia, a woman on the frontier, has raised many future citizens of America. Even though they claimed the end of the frontier, her children might confront another kind of frontier, but it is clear that it is not the same frontier on which their mother has had to stand. The frontier comes back, but always in a different shape.

Plessy vs. Ferguson :: essays research papers

Plessy vs.Ferguson   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The case of Plessy vs. Ferguson started when a 30-year-old colored shoemaker named Homer Plessy was put in jail for sitting in the white car of the East Louisiana Railroad on June 7, 1892. Even though Plessy was only one-eighths black and seven-eighths white, he was considered black by Louisiana law. Plessy didn’t like this idea, and so he went to court and argued in the case of Homer Adolph Plessy v. The State of Lousiana that the Separate Car Act, which forced segregation of train cars, violated the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution. The Thirteenth Amendment was made in order to abolish slavery, while the object of the Fourteenth Amendment was to enforce the absolute equality of the two races before the law. The name of â€Å"Ferguson† was given to the case because the judge at the trial was named John Howard Ferguson.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Judge Ferguson had previously declared that the Separate Car Act was unconstitutional on trains that traveled through several states, but he ruled that within the state, the state government could choose to regulate the railroad companies that operate within their respective state. The ruling was that the judge found Plessy guilty of refusing to leave the white car. Plessy proceeded to appeal to the Supreme Court of Louisiana, which also found him guilty. In 1896, the Supreme Court of the United States heard Plessy’s case and found him guilty once again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My view on this particular case sides with Plessy rather than Ferguson. I believe in total equality and the idea of no difference between fellow human beings. There should be no distinction made between that which is for the white man, and that which is for the black man.

The Kung, Shoshone, And Mbuti Tribes: Hunting And Gathering Societies :: essays research papers

As in many societies different groups of people are connected by similar traits. People of hunting and gathering societies also share similar qualities. Although the Kung, Shoshone, and Mbuti live in unique environments they still share numerous common characteristics because of there life styles. The Kung San and Shoshone make critical decisions in similar ways. The people of the Shoshone and Kung are much like a modern community in that they live together but for the most part live separate lives. They come together to hunt, like we to work, but when the hunt is over they get paid, in the form of meat, and go home to their families. If they should choose to any group may leave the whole at anytime. The Mbuti choose to live as a whole. They act as one family. All decisions are made by the community as a whole. If the group cannot reach consensus on a problem then the group may split for that time but will rejoin once the projects are completed. Unlike the Kung and Shoshone the Mbuti stay together, for the most part, throughout the year and do not diffuse when supplies become more plentiful. The two most important things a person needs is food and water. Many different foods are consumed by the Mbuti. There diet consists of meats, fruits, berries, roots, fungus and insects. The Mbuti's food supply is always plentiful, this is due to the habitat they live in and the small number of people living off of any given area. The Shoshone on the other hand live more like a scavengers because of their environment. Meat is rare, they tend to live off the plant life in the forest. A large portion of the Shoshone's diet is plant life. The Kung have a fairly balanced diet of plants and animals but water is a limited resource. For the Kung the reason for moving is to stay where the water is. In the dry season the Kung will all live in close quarters near the permanent water holes. But as the rainy season comes they will be able to spread throughout the region. Foraging societies share three major traits. All of these societies share the work that must be done in the camp. They all live in camps, meaning they never stay in an area for an extended amount of time.

Pros and Cons of the Scholastic Aptitude Test

Why I chose this topic: Should the SAT be used for college admissions? The SAT has been a huge controversy for a long time, however, it wasn’t until several months after getting into college that I began to really question why it’s used for admission. The only answers I really got from the college board was that it is â€Å"designed to assess your academic readiness for college and provides a path to opportunities, financial support and scholarships, in a way that's fair to all students. It also keeps pace with what colleges are looking for today, measuring the skills required for success in the 21st century. I still was not convinced because not all those answers seemed right to me. What is the SAT: So what is the SAT? The Scholastic Aptitude Test is a standardized test used by college admissions. It is a timed test featuring a Critical Reading, mathematics, and writing section. Pros vs Cons of the SAT: Proponents of the SAT claim that it is a great indicator to colle ges as to how students will do in college since it assesses the critical thinking skills needed. Opponents of the SAT claim that it is a poor indicator of the intelligence of the student. Why it should not be used: Why should the SAT not be used?Before even getting to the components of the test, first lets take into account the fact that a lot of people out there do not have enough money for tutors or books who really need them for preparation. A lot of other people hire tutors or get a lot of books to prepare them well and therefore the preparation itself just went through an unfair process. Secondly, the test is timed and we all work at different paces. There are those of us who can read really fast and get all the information down fast but there are those of us who cant read as fast but can still get down all the information very well.There are those of us who can quickly think about how to format an essay but there are those of us who need more time are can still write a great e ssay. Therefore, the fact that it is timed definitely factors in to not being able to truly indicate how smart the student really is. The SAT is also very culturally biased in the way that there are many people out there who come to the United States late in their school career and barely know any English and are all of a sudden expected to have a great English vocabulary and great English reading skills just to have a chance to go to college.Once again, another reason the SAT does not truly determine the intelligence of the student. Conclusion: The SAT shows how the student did on ONE test as opposed to grades, which show the student did overtime. There are many people out there who are not very good test takers and there were probably many who just did not feel themselves the day of their SAT and ended up doing worse than they were capable of. The SAT is a very biased test in a lot of aspects and should absolutely be abolished because it poorly indicates how smart the student real ly is and, in several cases, how the student can perform in college.

All-New Bmw 3-Series Features Aggressive Pricing Strategies

Many Option Prices Stay the Same Despite Improvements Better than the outgoing model in every way, the all-new BMW 3-Series wont increase much in price when it goes on sale later this month. The 2006 325i will start at $30,995, only $1,695 more than the 2005 model, despite featuring an entirely new design, upgraded 3. 0-liter inline six-cylinder engine that now makes 215-horsepower compared to the 2005 models 184-horsepower rating, a new six-speed automatic transmission with manual mode, enhanced chassis engineering and steering geometry, totally revised interior, and more. The top-line 330i is improved too, featuring all of the 325is upgrades plus an all-new 3. 0-liter engine that produces 255-horsepower compared to the outgoing models 225-horsepower rating, while torque is up from 214 lb-ft in the current car to 220 lb-ft. Like the 325i, the 330is base price will rise when it goes on sale, but only by $1,295 to $36,995. Both new engines are the first in large-scale series production to incorporate magnesium as a main component, a metal that is 30 percent lighter than aluminum. The engines are also the first six-cylinders in the BMW family to make use of Valvetronic, the brands variable valve timing system. Other option groups include the $2,200 Navigation package, up $400 from last years navigation system, but now featuring integrated voice recognition for hands free actuation of ancillary functions. A Cold Weather package, at $1,000, the same price as last years version, adds a ski bag, fold down rear seatbacks, heated front seats and retractable headlight washers. A Premium package, available on both models, is priced at $2,900 in the new 325i compared to $2,300 in the outgoing car. It features the same power glass sunroof, leather covered 8-way power front seats and drivers side emory, and Harmon/Kardon LOGIC7 audio system. The new model also features power folding mirrors in premium guise. The Premium package for the 330i is priced the same as last years version, at $2,200, and features everything that is available on the 325i Premium package, less the power seats with drivers side memory, which come standard on the 330i. Other Premium features include a universal garage door opene r, auto dimming exterior mirrors, drivers seat lumbar support, a compass in the mirror, Dakota leather seats and trim replace Montana leather seats and trim, and a Harmon/Kardon LOGIC7 audio system. The 2006 3-Series is also available with a Sport package, just like the 2005 model. At $1,600, it is $200 more expensive than the outgoing cars, and continues forward with updated versions of the same features, such as sport seats with electrically adjustable seat width, a 3-spoke leather-wrapped steering wheel and 17-inch alloy wheels, plus a sport suspension. The only difference, feature to feature, is the addition of performance-oriented run-flat tires. The price of the 330is Sport package has increased from $1,400 in 2005 model year vehicles to $1,600 in 2006, and also features the new run-flat tires. Other stand-alone options dont rise in price much either, and in the case of the new 6-speed automatic transmissions extra forward gear, offer major improvements in design and engineering. That transmission only goes up by $225 at $1,500 compared to the 2005 models $1,275 optional gearbox, while the Dakota premium leather upgrade will cost $1,450, the same price as the 2005 cars Montana leather package. Park distance control is once again $350, while metallic paint remains a $475 option. New for 2006 will be adaptive headlights, which point a set of bulbs in the direction the car is turning, active cruise control at $2,200, which will automatically slow the 3-Series down when approaching a slower vehicle, and active steering, a $1,250 feature that essentially adapts the steering ratio to vehicle speed, but its electric-motor-assisted, planetary-gear-motivated rack-and-pinion system is much more sophisticated than conventional speed sensitive steering counterparts, common to luxury cars of all stripes. Steering response to input is much quicker than any other car, at about 1. turns lock to lock, making maneuvering into, around and out of tight spaces such as parking lots incredibly easy. To put this in perspective, most cars need about twice that amount to turn the wheel from full left to full right, or about 3. 5 turns lock to lock. The reason for this is so steering input isnt too direct at high speeds. At 1. 7 turns a car traveling at highway speeds would simply da rt off the road with minimal input, not a good thing. Active Steering, however, electronically and mechanically adjusts the ratio to about 4 turns lock to lock when velocities demand. Both the 325i and 330i will be available with BMWs xDrive all-wheel-drive system in October, which is when the new 3-Series Touring, a sports wagon derivative, will arrive in dealerships. While there is no word on pricing for the 325xi or the Touring version, expect each models final window sticker to remain close to 2005 levels, if the pricing of sedan models is any indication. BMWs aggressive pricing strategy will help it maintain leadership in the compact premium class, a position it has enjoyed since the first 3-Series debuted in 1977.

The Host Chapter 56: Welded

Ian glared down at the three of us with such fury that Sunny shivered in terror. It was an odd thing-as if Kyle and Ian had switched faces. Except Ian's face was still perfect, unbroken. Beautiful, even though it was enraged. â€Å"Ian?† Kyle asked, bewildered. â€Å"What's the problem?† Ian spoke from between his locked teeth. â€Å"Wanda,† he growled, and held his hand out. It looked as if he was having a hard time keeping that hand open, not clenching it into a fist. Uh-oh, Mel thought. Misery swept through me. I didn't want to say goodbye to Ian, and now I would have to. Of course I had to. I would be wrong to sneak out in the night like a thief and leave all my goodbyes to Melanie. Ian, tired of waiting, grabbed my arm and hauled me up from the floor. When Sunny seemed like she was coming along, too, still joined to my side, Ian shook me until she fell off. â€Å"What is with you?† Kyle demanded. Ian hauled his knee back and smashed his foot hard into Kyle's face. â€Å"Ian!† I protested. Sunny threw herself in front of Kyle-who was holding his hand to his nose and struggling to get to his feet-and tried to shield him with her tiny body. This knocked him off balance, back to the floor, and he groaned. â€Å"C'mon,† Ian snarled, dragging me away from them without a backward glance. â€Å"Ian -â€Å" He wrenched me roughly along, making it impossible for me to speak. That was fine. I had no idea what to say. I saw everyone's startled face flash by in a blur. I was worried he was going to upset the unnamed woman. She wasn't used to anger and violence. And then we jerked to a stop. Jared was blocking the exit. â€Å"Have you lost your mind, Ian?† he asked, shocked and outraged. â€Å"What are you doing to her?† â€Å"Did you know about this?† Ian shouted back, shoving me toward Jared and shaking me at him. Behind us, a whimper. He was scaring them. â€Å"You're going to hurt her!† â€Å"Do you know what she's planning?† Ian roared. Jared stared at Ian, his face suddenly closed off. He didn't answer. That was answer enough for Ian. Ian's fist struck Jared so fast that I missed the blow-I just felt the lurch in his body and saw Jared reel back into the dark hall. â€Å"Ian, stop,† I begged. â€Å"You stop,† he growled back at me. He yanked me through the arch into the tunnel, then pulled me north. I had to almost run to keep up with his longer stride. â€Å"O'Shea!† Jared shouted after us. â€Å"I'm going to hurt her?† Ian roared back over his shoulder, not breaking pace. â€Å"I am? You hypocritical swine!† There was nothing but silence and blackness behind us now. I stumbled in the dark, trying to keep up. It was then that I began to feel the throbbing from Ian's grip. His hand was tight as a tourniquet around my upper arm, his long fingers making the circle easily and then overlapping. My hand was going numb. He jerked me along faster, and my breath caught in a moan, almost a cry of pain. The sound made Ian stumble to a stop. His breathing was hoarse in the darkness. â€Å"Ian, Ian, I†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I choked, unable to finish. I didn't know what to say, picturing his furious face. His arms caught me up abruptly, yanking my feet out from under me and then catching my shoulders before I could fall. He started running forward again, carrying me now. His hands were not rough and angry like before; he cradled me against his chest. He ran right through the big plaza, ignoring the surprised and even suspicious faces. There was too much that was unfamiliar and uncomfortable going on in the caves right now. The humans here-Violetta, Geoffrey, Andy, Paige, Aaron, Brandt, and more I couldn't see well as we jolted past-were skittish. It disturbed them to see Ian running headlong through them, face twisted with rage, with me in his arms. And then they were behind us. He didn't pause until we reached the doors leaning against his and Kyle's room. He kicked the red one out of the way-it hit the stone floor with an echoing boom-and dropped me onto the mattress on the floor. Ian stood above me, his chest heaving with exertion and fury. For a second he turned away and put the door back in place with one swift wrench. And then he was glowering again. I took a deep breath and rolled up onto my knees, holding my hands out, palms up, wishing that some magic would appear in them. Something I could give him, something I could say. But my hands were empty. â€Å"You. Are. Not. Leaving. Me.† His eyes blazed-burning brighter than I had ever seen them, blue flames. â€Å"Ian,† I whispered. â€Å"You have to see that†¦ that I can't stay. You must see that.† â€Å"No!† he shouted at me. I cringed back, and, abruptly, Ian crumpled forward, falling to his knees, falling into me. He buried his head in my stomach, and his arms locked around my waist. He was shaking, shaking hard, and loud, desperate sobs were breaking out of his chest. â€Å"No, Ian, no,† I begged. This was so much worse than his anger. â€Å"Don't, please. Please, don't.† â€Å"Wanda,† he moaned. â€Å"Ian, please. Don't feel this way. Don't. I'm so sorry. Please.† I was crying, too, shaking, too, though that might have been him shaking me. â€Å"You can't leave.† â€Å"I have to, I have to,† I sobbed. And then we cried wordlessly for a long time. His tears dried before mine. Eventually, he straightened up and pulled me into his arms again. He waited until I was able to speak. â€Å"Sorry,† he whispered. â€Å"I was mean.† â€Å"No, no. I'm sorry. I should have told you, when you didn't guess. I just†¦ I couldn't. I didn't want to tell you-to hurt you-to hurt me. It was selfish.† â€Å"We need to talk about this, Wanda. It's not a done deal. It can't be.† â€Å"It is.† He shook his head, clenching his teeth. â€Å"How long? How long have you been planning this?† â€Å"Since the Seeker,† I whispered. He nodded, seeming to expect this answer. â€Å"And you thought that you had to give up your secret to save her. I can understand that. But that doesn't mean you have to go anywhere. Just because Doc knows now†¦ that doesn't mean anything. If I'd thought for one minute that it did, that one action equaled the other, I wouldn't have stood there and let you show him. No one is going to force you to lie down on his blasted gurney! I'll break his hands if he tries to touch you!† â€Å"Ian, please.† â€Å"They can't make you, Wanda! Do you hear me?† He was shouting again. â€Å"No one is making me. I didn't show Doc how to do the separation so that I could save the Seeker,† I whispered. â€Å"The Seeker's being here just made me have to decide†¦ faster. I did it to save Mel, Ian.† His nostrils flared, and he said nothing. â€Å"She's trapped in here, Ian. It's like a prison-worse than that; I can't even describe it. She's like a ghost. And I can free her. I can give her herself back.† â€Å"You deserve a life, too, Wanda. You deserve to stay.† â€Å"But I love her, Ian.† He closed his eyes, and his pale lips went dead white. â€Å"But I love you,† he whispered. â€Å"Doesn't that matter?† â€Å"Of course it matters. So much. Can't you see? That only makes it more†¦ necessary.† His eyes flashed open. â€Å"Is it so unbearable to have me love you? Is that it? I can keep my mouth shut, Wanda. I won't say it again. You can be with Jared, if that's what you want. Just stay.† â€Å"No, Ian!† I took his face between my hands-his skin felt hard, strained tight over the bones. â€Å"No. I-I love you, too. Me, the little silver worm in the back of her head. But my body doesn't love you. It can't love you. I can never love you in this body, Ian. It pulls me in two. It's unbearable.† I could have borne it. But watching him suffer because of my body's limitations? Not that. He closed his eyes again. His thick black lashes were wet with tears. I could see them glisten. Oh, go ahead, Mel sighed. Do whatever you need to. I'll†¦ step into the other room, she added dryly. Thanks. I wrapped my arms around his neck and pulled myself closer to him until my lips touched his. He curled his arms around me, pulling me tighter against his chest. Our lips moved together, fusing as if they would never divide, as if separation was not the inevitable thing it was, and I could taste the salt of our tears. His and mine. Something began to change. When Melanie's body touched Jared's body, it was like a wildfire-a fast burn that raced across the surface of the desert and consumed everything in its path. With Ian it was different, so very different, because Melanie didn't love him the way I did. So when he touched me, it was deeper and slower than the wildfire, like the flow of molten rock far beneath the surface of the earth. Too deep to feel the heat of it, but it moved inexorably, changing the very foundations of the world with its advance. My unwilling body was a fog between us-a thick curtain, but gauzy enough that I could see through it, could see what was happening. It changed me, not her. It was almost a metallurgical process deep inside the core of who I was, something that had already begun, was already nearly forged. But this long, unbroken kiss finished it, searing and sharp edged-it shoved this new creation, all hissing, into the cold water that made it hard and final. Unbreakable. And I started to cry again, realizing that it must be changing him, too, this man who was kind enough to be a soul but strong as only a human could be. He moved his lips to my eyes, but it was too late. It was done. â€Å"Don't cry, Wanda. Don't cry. You're staying with me.† â€Å"Eight full lives,† I whispered against his jaw, my voice breaking. â€Å"Eight full lives and I never found anyone I would stay on a planet for, anyone I would follow when they left. I never found a partner. Why now? Why you? You're not of my species. How can you be my partner?† â€Å"It's a strange universe,† he murmured. â€Å"It's not fair,† I complained, echoing Sunny's words. It wasn't fair. How could I find this, find love-now, in this eleventh hour-and have to leave it? Was it fair that my soul and body couldn't reconcile? Was it fair that I had to love Melanie, too? Was it fair that Ian would suffer? He deserved happiness if anyone did. It wasn't fair or right or even†¦ sane. How could I do this to him? â€Å"I love you,† I whispered. â€Å"Don't say that like you're saying goodbye.† But I had to. â€Å"I, the soul called Wanderer, love you, human Ian. And that will never change, no matter what I might become.† I worded it carefully, so that there would be no lie in my voice. â€Å"If I were a Dolphin or a Bear or a Flower, it wouldn't matter. I would always love you, always remember you. You will be my only partner.† His arms stiffened, then constricted tighter around me, and I could feel the anger in them again. It was hard to breathe. â€Å"You're not wandering off anywhere. You're staying here.† â€Å"Ian -â€Å" But his voice was brusque now-angry, but also businesslike. â€Å"This isn't just for me. You're a part of this community, and you aren't getting kicked out without discussion. You are far too important to us all-even to the ones who would never admit it. We need you.† â€Å"No one's kicking me out, Ian.† â€Å"No. Not even you yourself, Wanderer.† He kissed me again, his mouth rougher with the return of the anger. His hand curled into a fist around my hair, and he pulled my face an inch away from his. â€Å"Good or bad?† he demanded. â€Å"Good.† â€Å"That's what I thought.† And his voice was a growl. He kissed me again. His arms were so tight around my ribs, his mouth so fierce against mine, that I was soon dizzy and gasping for air. He loosened his arms a little then and let his lips slide to my ear. â€Å"Let's go.† â€Å"Where? Where are we going?† I wasn't going anywhere, I knew that. And yet how my heart pounded when I thought of going away, somewhere, anywhere, with Ian. My Ian. He was mine, the way Jared never would be. The way this body could never be his. â€Å"Don't give me any trouble about this, Wanderer. I'm half out of my mind.† He pulled us both to our feet. â€Å"Where?† I insisted. â€Å"You're going down the eastern tunnel, past the field, to the end.† â€Å"The game room?† â€Å"Yes. And then you are going to wait there until I get the rest of them.† â€Å"Why?† His words sounded crazy to me. Did he want to play a game? To ease the tension again? â€Å"Because this will be discussed. I'm calling a tribunal, Wanderer, and you are going to abide by our decision.†

Current Ethical Issues Paper

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